Here are some civil engineering tips which should always remember by civil engineers to make the construction work easier and maintaining a quality of construction.These points will help you to crack any interview related to construction industry. These tips will not only help civil engineer only it's also recommend for supervisor and foreman or any person who is interested to learn about construction industry.
Basic Knowledge of Civil Construction | Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge | Basics of Civil Engineering
- 3 Samples should be taken for core cutting test for every 100 m2 soil filling work as per IS code.
- For more than 36 mm dia bars Lapping in reinforcement is not allowed.
- Maximum spacing is 1 No of steel chair for per 1m2.
- Steel Chairs minimum of 12 mm diameter bars to be used.
- In steel dowels, a rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.
- Longitudinal reinforcement should not less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.
- Minimum bars used for a square column are 4 No’s and 6 No’s for the circular column.
- Main steel bars used in the slabs shall not be less than 10 mm (Plain bars) and the distributors not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
- Minimum thickness of the slab should be 125 mm.
- Maximum of 1.50m in height for freefall of concrete is allowed.
- Bars larger than 36 mm lapping is not allowed.
- Water absorption of bricks limited not more than 15 %. Of its weight.
- For construction water used should not be less than PH value 6.
- The minimum Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
- 8 kg per Metric tonne of binding wire required in steel reinforcement.
Minimum Nos. Of Concrete Cube Sample for Given Volume of Concrete
1 – 5 m3 = 1 Nos.
6 – 15 m3 = 2 Nos.
16 – 30 m3 = 3 Nos.
31 – 50 m3 = 4 Nos.
Above 50 m3 = 4 + 1 Nos.
Top Interview Questions Civil Engineer - Basic of Civil Engineering
Grade Concrete and its Nominal Mix Ratio:
Grade - Ratio
- M25 - 1:1:2
- M20 - 1: 1.5:3
- M15 - 1:2:4
- M10 - 1:3:6
- M7.5 - 1:4:8
- M5 - 1:5:10
Useful notes for Cement
- Grade f Cement -33,43,53
- Specific gravity of cement- 3.15
- 1cubic metre of cement -28.8 bag
- 1 bag of cement -50kg
- 1 bag of cement- 34.7 litres
- 1 bag of cement- 0.0347 cubic metre
- 1 cubic feet f cement- 40 kg
Density of Construction Materials
Cement -1440 kg/m3
Sand -1650kg/m3
Water -1000 kg/m3
Steel- 7850 kg/m3
Bricks – 1600 – 1920 kg/m3
Concrete block – 1920 kg/ m3
Reinforce Concrete – 2310 – 2700 kg/ m3
Types of foundation
Shallow foundation
1. spread footing
2. Combined Footing
3. Raft Footing
4. Grillage Foundation
Deep Foundation
1. Pile Foundation
2. Well foundation or cassion foundation
3. Coffer dams
What are the basic things a civil engineer should know?
BASIC THINGS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS:
Quality check of Aggregate at construction site & shapes names
Best for use
1. Angular
2. Rounded
3. Cubical
Not recommended for construction (used not more than 15%).
1. Flaky
2. Elongated
3. Flaky & Elongated
Brick & block names used for construction with compressive strength.
1. Red Brick -3.5 to 35 N/mm2 ( depends upon class)
2. Fly Ash Brick -3.5 to 35 N/mm2
3. ACC Block -2 to 7N/mm2 (depends upon density)
4. Solid Concrete Block -4 to 5 N/mm2 (depends upon grade)
5. CLC Block -2 to 25 N/mm2 (depends upon density of block )
Curing Time for Concrete Members for Various Type of Cement.
Super Sulphate cement: 7 days
Ordinary Portland cement OPC: 10 days
Minerals & Admixture added cement: 14 days
There are also some Self Curing Cement or Self Curing Concrete which don't need much curing.
Types of Bonds in Brick Masonry Wall Construction:
The most commonly used types of bonds are
1. Stretcher bond
2. Header bond
3. English bond and
4. Flemish bond
Other Types of bonds are:
1. Facing bond
2. Dutch bond
3. English cross bond
4. Brick on edge bond
5. Raking bond
6. Zigzag bond
7. Garden wall bond
What a site engineer should know?
Clear cover to Reinforcement.
Footing- 50 mm
Beam-25 mm
Slab -20 mm
Column -40 mm
De-Shuttering Period of Different RCC Members.
The period for columns, walls, vertical formworks – 16-24 hrs.
Period for Soffit formwork to slabs – 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)
The period for Soffit to beams props – 7 days (props to be refixed after removal)
Beams spanning up to 4.5m – 7 days
Beams spanning over 4.5m – 14 days
Arches spanning up to 6m – 14 days
Arches spanning over 6m – 21 days